Gums are the mucous membranes that cover the alveolar processes of the upper and lower jaws, where the teeth are located. The health of the gums plays a crucial role in the proper development of teeth in children and the maintenance of permanent teeth in adults.

Main Gum Diseases

Gum problems can manifest as various diseases. Here are the most common ones:

• Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums that causes redness and bleeding but does not affect their connection to the teeth.
• Periodontitis: A more severe form of gingivitis that leads to the loss of connection between the gums and teeth, often referred to as “gum decay.”
• Periodontosis: A chronic non-infectious gum disease that results in the loosening of gum tissue, exposing tooth necks and leading to tooth mobility.

Causes of Gum Inflammation

The causes of gum diseases can vary widely:

• Trauma.
• Viral and bacterial infections.
• Autoimmune diseases.
• Degenerative processes.

Gums are susceptible to mechanical damage, making them vulnerable to various infections.

Symptoms of Gum Diseases

Symptoms of gum diseases can differ, but the most common include:

• Change in gum color (normal color is light pink).
• Pain or discomfort when chewing.
• Bleeding gums.
• Tooth mobility.
• Itching or burning sensations in the mouth.

It's important to remember that some diseases, like periodontosis, can occur without symptoms, making regular dental visits particularly important.

Treatment of Inflamed Gums

While it is possible to alleviate gum swelling at home, complete healing requires a visit to the dentist. They can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend effective treatment methods, such as:

• Plasma lifting.
• Ozone therapy.
• Vector therapy.

Antiseptic ointments and gels, mouth rinses, and, in rare cases, surgical intervention may also be recommended.

What to Do at Home

If you notice gum inflammation, follow these recommendations:

1. Carefully brush your teeth again to remove infectious microbes.
2. Rinse your mouth with a baking soda-salt solution or antiseptic.
3. Take a pain reliever if the pain is intense.
4. Schedule an appointment with a doctor.

Prevention of Gum Diseases

Preventing gum diseases is much easier than treating them. Here are some tips for prevention:

• Maintain a balanced diet rich in fiber.
• Brush your teeth twice a day.
• Use dental floss to remove plaque.
• Regularly visit the dentist (twice a year).
• Remove tartar at least once a year.

Don’t underestimate the importance of visiting the dentist if you have gum problems. A specialist in treating gum diseases, a periodontist, can help restore health to your smile.